Ketamine Injection: Comprehensive Product Overview

Introduction

Ketamine Injection is a potent anesthetic agent widely utilized in medical settings for its rapid onset and effective analgesic properties. Its active ingredient, ketamine hydrochloride, is classified as a dissociative anesthetic, inducing a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and amnesia.

Composition

• Active Ingredient: Ketamine Hydrochloride
• Available Concentrations: 10 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL solutions

Manufacturer Brand

Ketamine Injection is marketed under the brand name Ketalar®. Manufactured by Pfizer Inc., a leading global pharmaceutical company renowned for its commitment to quality and innovation in healthcare.

Key Features

• Rapid Onset: Provides swift induction of anesthesia, making it ideal for emergency situations.
• Versatile Administration: Can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly, offering flexibility in various clinical scenarios.
• Hemodynamic Stability: Maintains cardiovascular function, beneficial in patients with compromised cardiac status.

Uses and Indications

Ketamine Injection is indicated for:

• Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia: Suitable for short surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
• Analgesia: Provides effective pain relief in emergency and perioperative settings.
• Sedation: Used for procedural sedation in both adult and pediatric patients.

Mechanism of Action

Ketamine acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibiting the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system. This action results in dissociative anesthesia, characterized by analgesia, amnesia, and a trance-like state, while preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous respiration.

Dosage and Administration

• Induction of Anesthesia: Administer 1 to 4.5 mg/kg intravenously over 60 seconds.
• Maintenance of Anesthesia: Administer additional doses of 0.5 to 2 mg/kg as needed.
• Intramuscular Administration: Administer 6.5 to 13 mg/kg for induction when IV access is not available.

Note: Dosage should be individualized based on patient factors and procedural requirements. Always consult prescribing information for detailed guidance.

Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Cardiovascular: Elevated blood pressure and heart rate.
• Neurological: Emergence reactions such as vivid dreams, hallucinations, or delirium.
• Gastrointestinal: Nausea and vomiting.
• Respiratory: Increased salivation.

Serious adverse effects are rare but may include respiratory depression and laryngospasm. Monitoring by trained medical personnel is essential during administration.

Precautions and Warnings

• Emergence Reactions: To mitigate, consider premedication with a benzodiazepine.
• Intracranial Pressure: Use with caution in patients with elevated intracranial pressure.
• Substance Abuse Potential: Due to its dissociative effects, there is potential for misuse.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Use only if clearly needed and after assessing risks and benefits.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the price of Ketamine Injection in Pakistan?

A: Prices may vary based on the manufacturer and supplier. It is advisable to consult local pharmacies or medical suppliers for current pricing.

Q: How quickly does Ketamine Injection take effect?

A: When administered intravenously, ketamine typically induces anesthesia within 30 seconds. Intramuscular administration results in onset within 3 to 4 minutes.

Q: Is Ketamine Injection safe for children?

A: Yes, ketamine is commonly used for pediatric anesthesia and sedation. Dosage and administration should be adjusted based on the child’s weight and clinical condition.

Q: Can Ketamine Injection be used in patients with asthma?

A: Ketamine is often preferred in asthmatic patients as it does not suppress respiratory drive and may have bronchodilatory effects.

Q: Are there any contraindications for Ketamine Injection?

A: Contraindications include hypersensitivity to ketamine or any of its components, and conditions where a significant elevation of blood pressure would be hazardous.

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Conclusion

Ketamine Injection is a versatile and effective anesthetic agent with a well-established safety profile when used appropriately. Healthcare professionals should adhere to recommended guidelines to ensure optimal patient outcomes.